Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice

Question: Talk about the Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. Answer: Presentation: While looking through research article explicit to the exploration questions, it is imperative to utilize explicit hunt terms so search process is characterized and suitable article with the pursuit term is recovered. Utilization of watchwords in electronic databases gives explicitness to the pursuit. These watchwords demonstrate the theme, which the database can recover subsequent to coordinating it with entered catchphrases (Shariff et al. 2013). There are different models that guides a medical attendant in clinical judgment. The Tanners model of clinical judgment and the proof based practice structure are two important models to help nurture in clinical judgment during training. Leather experts model of clinical judgment proposes following the phase of reviewing quiet circumstance, seeing, deciphering, reacting and reflection-on-activity to participate in clinical learning and grow expertly in their vocation. This assists with breaking down the biasness, moral point of view, level of information or involvement with leading a clinical assignment. This is a sort of self-appraisal to pass judgment on clinical situation and give compelling consideration to patients (Mariani et al. 2013). Then again, proof based practices empowers medical attendant to improve their clinical aptitudes by incorporating research proof in nursing practice. This give an all-inclusive job wherein the Tanners model assists with distinguishing the restri ction in aptitudes of medical attendants and the proof based practice system gives the chance to actualize best practice by the utilization of best proof in every day practice (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt 2011). Randomized controlled preliminary is the most elevated level of proof, which expects to decide the reason impact connection between a mediation and result. The principle advantage is that it lessens biasness in the investigation by methods for the randomization procedure. Despite what might be expected, the motivation behind precise audit is to introduce the fundamental discoveries of various research writing to recognize the adequacy of mediations. It is a way to sum up and evaluate the exploration articles (Olivo et al. 2008). The fundamental of the examination study was to analyze the effect of telemonitoring based help plan for the administration of uncontrolled hypertension in patients. Research here was viewed as significant because of the poor result seen from routine clinical technique for hypertension treatment. This happened for the most part because of rare observing of pulse by patients, poor treatment adherence and hesitance by specialists to heighten treatment. Thus, utilization of randomized controlled preliminary will assist with assessing the impact of mediation on wellbeing result. The essential result for the investigation incorporate mean daytime mobile systolic circulatory strain a half year after the mediation and auxiliary result incorporate both the daytime wandering systolic and diastolic pulse. Different markers of optional result estimates included adherence to drugs, cholesterol level of patients, practice resistance and wellbeing related personal satisfaction (McKinstry et al. 2013). In the examination by McKinstry et al. (2013), members were asked to self-measure their circulatory strain twice every morning and night by methods for telemonitoring hardware. Through this implies, the gadget could consequently transmit perusing to cell phones. Members could share the criticism of circulatory strain to different clinicians. The example size of 400 members is sufficient for the investigation in light of the fact that the specialist used factual technique to assess the example size prerequisite for the examination. This thought wass dependent on study plan and by methods for estimation in regards to fitting size that could assist with recognizing contrast among telemonitoring and normal consideration (Zhong 2011). Post a half year of intercession, the mean contrast in daytime systolic walking circulatory strain among telemonitoring and common consideration bunch was 4.3 mm Hg (95% certainty span 2.0 to 6.5). This information tells that contrast between pulse perusing for telemonitoring and regular consideration arm. As the pulse fell between both gathering, the mean daytime systolic circulatory strain uncovered the distinction for the two arms. Then again, 95% certainty stretch implies that of 100 unique examples are taken, around 95 of the 100 certainty span will contain the genuine mean worth. Thus, the mean an incentive inside 95% certainty stretch will lie between 2.0 to 6.5 and the worth will vacillate between this worth. The p esteem for the mean contrast in daytime systolic walking circulatory strain among telemonitoring and common consideration bunch was 0.0002. The p esteem is the likelihood of finding the watched outcomes when the invalid speculation of an examination question is valid. In this examination, invalid speculation implies no contrast between circulatory strain between two gatherings. P-estimation of 0.0002 uncover a measurably high huge. If there should arise an occurrence of telemonitoring gathering, the mean daytime mobile diastolic circulatory strain tumbled from 87.4 mm Hg to 83.4 mm Hg. The distinction in mean an incentive for intercession and control bunch was 2.3 mm Hg. In spite of the fact that there was no distinction in auxiliary result for both grpup, anyway telemonitoring was compelling in bringing down the circulatory strain. The randomized controlled preliminary investigation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension gave positive outcomes such an abatement in daytime walking systolic and diastolic pulse. More consistence with intercession was likewise found as patients were found to as often as possible screen pulse readings through the telemonitoring gear. The mediation was likewise financially savvy as cost was just required for gear, preparing and interview. I likewise propose to utilize telemonitoring for uncontrolled hypertension patients because of positive ramifications for clinical investigations. I would likewise make it more financially savvy by decreasing the duplication of exertion because of the time spent in adjusting the new innovation. This will be finished by giving sufficient preparing to staff with respect to the proficiently utilizing the telemonitoring hardware so they become certain about taking care of it. This would likewise wipe out the issue of rebelliousness with treatment an d little thoughtfulness regarding continually screen the circulatory strain. This intercession will elevate simple access to steady circulatory strain checking and looking for input from patients (McKinstry et al. 2013), Number of patients with mended ulcer (great result) in charge gathering (Bandage A)= 65% Number of patients with no recuperated ulcer (awful result) in charge group= 35% Number of patients with recuperated ulcer (great result) in intercession gathering (Bandage B)= 85% Number of patients with poor recuperating of ulcer (poor result) in intercession gathering (Bandage B)= 15% Awful result Great result All out Intercession gathering 15% (A) 85% (B) 100 Control gathering 35% (C) 65% (D) 100 A+C= half B+D= 150% 200 Relative danger of recuperating (RR)= = (15/100)/(35/100) = 0.428 Along these lines, the general danger of poor result in mending of leg ulcer is 0.428 On the off chance that the hazard is under 1, it demonstrates that mediation bunch have less hazard contrasted with control gathering. Outright hazard distinction (ARD)= Difference in supreme hazard among control and intercession group= 85%-65%-20% Number expected to treat (NNT)= Inverse of total hazard reduction= 1/20= 5 This demonstrates atleast 5 individuals expected to rewarded to maintain a strategic distance from poor result in mending leg ulcer The estimation of RR as indicated by computation is 4.28. As relative hazard is the extent of hazard present among intercession and control gathering, this worth recommend that the danger of terrible result is more in charge bunch contrasted with mediation gathering. The incentive for ARD is 20 %. This is just the contrast between hazard contrasted with relative distinction between chance. NNT estimation of 5 demonstrates that at least individuals is should have been blessed to receive maintain a strategic distance from the danger of poor result in mending. Wrap B is considered over Bandage for recuperating ulcer since its relative hazard is low contrasted with Bandage A. While executing any new intercession, it is important to assess the assess the odds of hazard result. The base is the hazard result, the more effectual is the intercession. Henceforth, Bandage B ought to be considered over Bandage for rewarding leg ulcer. Section three: Implementation of EBP There are numerous obstructions to executing the new examining finding in clinical setting. These are: Hierarchical obstruction Due to absence of help in urging staffs to use proof based intercession, human services proficient keep on utilizing conventional strategy for care. T bargains the ideal nature of care. Issues in creating proof based approach To successfully coordinate new research discoveries, fitting strategy improvement is required. In any case, this is troublesome because of the furious strategy and starting course of action to gracefully sufficient data framework. Intricacy and size of research-Nurses and staffs face obstruction in deciphering the mind boggling research information and assessing their pertinence specifically practice zone. Absence of preparing When medicinal services staffs are not sufficiently prepared in proof based consideration, it goes about as a hindrance in the incorporating it in look into training (Sadeghi?Bazargani et al. 2014). This subject helped me plan for my job as a lesser clinician as I got the chance to learn new things about the approaches to apply best proof by and by. The assessment and investigation of the randomized controlled preliminary gave me new knowledge in regards to the reason for such examinations and how it adds to clinical mediation. Besides, utilization of various models, for example, proof based structure and the Tanners model of clinical judgment bolstered me in building up my basic reflection expertise. This instrument can be viably used to pass judgment on clinical circumstance, decipher issues and c

Historical context and Miller Essay Example For Students

Chronicled setting and Miller Essay Clarify how emotional strain is developed in this demonstration, giving specific consideration to the primary characters, recorded setting and Millers stage headings. The activity of the play depends on a chronicled occasion (and those occasions can be identified with what goes on the planet today), the Salem black magic preliminaries and chases which occurred in Massachusetts in 1692. Be that as it may, Miller creator notice the dramatization has later equals with the counter Communist witch-chases in the mid 1950s which was ran by the Un-American exercises Commission. In a contemporary setting, you could see likenesses with the ongoing media witch-chases against various prominent figures from the universes of legislative issues, business, game and the big time. Arthur Miller has utilized one of a kind methods in Act 3 to develop sensational strain with different peak focuses. Act 3 is where all the seemingly insignificant details the characters have said and done meet up. Using discourse, stage headings which empower us to visualize the scene in front of an audience and characterisation we can perceive how sensational pressure is made by Miller which can not be effortlessly cultivated in evident life play around then. Act 3 beginnings with a vacant stage, yet voices can be heard, there is no visual locating of the characters. The crowd can hear Hathorne, Martha Corey, Danforth and Giles. The strain at that point ascends as they are in the waiting room of the general court; you can't see the on-screen characters, yet can just hear them. The stage bearing is off stage (a thundering goes up from the individuals) this makes the crowd figure, what will occur straightaway and that is one of Millers methods of keeping the crowd as eager and anxious as can be. The exchange that goes on in the antechamber plays with the crowds emotions. In the discourse non-serious inquiries are utilized alongside reiteration to make compassion, outrage and stress. Judge Hathorne is addressing Martha Corey with respect to black magic, he likewise suggests this by utilizing non-serious inquiries that Martha would discover hard to answer How would you know, at that point, that you are not a witch? This kind of inquiry couldnt be demonstrated in any case those days so Martha realized difficulty was coming her direction. Her significant other Giles then comes to submit proof to the court to demonstrate his better half is blameless, however being the high court they don't permit anybody to come in and intrude on the meeting. This at that point welcomes compassion on Martha and the crowd understand that. The scene at that point proceeds with Mary Warren who is a character of feeble assurance who permits herself to be harassed continually. She isn't a detestable individual, yet her powerless will joined with her craving to be somebody in the Salem people group drives her into a circumstance where she harms to others. She endeavors to face her fundamental weight, Abigail Williams, yet her absence of resolve sabotages this exertion and prompts the peak. She shows up with john Proctor (Elizabeths spouse) and they back up the tale of the young ladies being imposturous. Why this is stated, is on the grounds that numerous individuals including Johns spouse is being investigated and John and the remainder of the town know this isnt valid. This adds to sensational strain when everything is to be said in court. Likewise Mary is blamed for lying now to the Judge or she was formerly lying in court and this would however her in prison, yet works out of it by saying she presently has a place with God. Parris frantically attempts to stop their declaration since he is Bettys father and she was included alongside Abigail who is Parris niece. .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 , .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 .postImageUrl , .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 , .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90:hover , .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90:visited , .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90:active { border:0!important; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90:active , .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90:hover { obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc9858f4dccd38f 0b0332440a1fc36e90 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uc9858f4dccd38f0b0332440a1fc36e90:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Analytic Play Review Of The Taming Of The Shrew EssayThere is pressure in Parris eyes and he can't permit this issue to go to him or any individual from his family (recalling that he is a Reverend) . Parris then attempts to occupy the issue of the young ladies being fakes to Proctor being controlled by the fallen angel, and this appears to be a stun and Parris attempts to back this up by saying Proctor never goes to chapel on Sunday and that his child hasnt been immersed; at that point this turns the psyches of the crowd as they might suspect Proctor is the person who has the Devil within him. It presently appears as though Proctor has left well enough alone and has now been uncovered, yet Proctor guards himself by saying I have no affection for Mr Parris. Its an obvious fact. However, God I clearly love. Delegate gets news from Danthorth saying Elizabeth sent him a case expressing she was pregnant (if Elizabeth is to be seen as liable, they can't hang her while she is conveying a guiltless infant, so she has in any event a year). Of those charged, three were Rebecca Nurse (denounced by the Putnams for the powerful homicide of Mrs. Putnams babies), Martha Corey (for extraordinarily reviling a man with the goal that all the pigs he purchased would bite the dust), and Elizabeth Proctor, Johns spouse blamed by Abigail for utilizing a doll to powerfully give her a cut injury in the stomach. In any case, Mary was the person who left the dolly at the Proctors home and sewing needles where found in it; this influences the crowd has they realize what has occurred and this causes the crowd to have sypathy for Elizabeth. *** With Abigail being blamed for imagining and controlling all the young ladies (the young ladies follow Abigail on the grounds that they are uneducated), all the principle characters: John, Abigail, Mary and the young ladies are called to the high court. With John, Abigail, Mary confronting Danforth pressure is developed as we as a whole might suspect reality needs to come out at this point. Abigail denies all charges and claims Mary was lying. This is likewise Abigails opportunity to get goody hung, by asserting those manikins were hers and she was the person who stuck needles; yet Cheever and John both case she possibly had manikins when she was a kid. Mary additionally included the manikin that was found was hers. Delegate at that point raises the locating Parris found in the forested areas around evening time (the young ladies moving stripped) and Hale backings John on that. All consideration is on consideration the concentrated on Parris, yet simply like before he denies seeing them exposed. Again Parris attempts to redirect the spotlight to Mary by advising her to black out in the event that she the young ladies were imagining. With Mary being hesitant she can't do it and to the crowd they see the ownership of the villain being valid as she can't deny it by blacking out, this is one of the peak focuses in the demonstration. Abigail has retaliation in her eyes; she feels Mary has sold out her. I know not. A breeze, a virus wind, ahs come (her eyes fall on Mary Warren) Abigail once more imagined that there was malicious spirits coming after her and the young ladies, however this opportunity they were coming fro Mary. The Girls have a major impact in this as they act and feel what Abigail is as far as anyone knows feeling yet nobody realizes they have been controlled, and the pressure the bring to the scene is remarkable and that influence Miller has given the play changes the perspective on the crowd continually. The appointed authority advises Mary to stop, yet she cant since she isn't doing it. Now Mary is viewed as the lawbreaker, and John Proctor at that point steps in yelling Whore, Whore quiet hits the got, he admits his undertaking with Abigail (obscenity prompts detainment), this has now bent everything. Elizabeth is then called into the high court; John who isn't permitted to look at Elizabeth trusts she can say something very similar. Answer my inquiry! Is your better half a libertine! - shouts Danforth, No sir!! answers Elizabeth. .u99ac07509ed696df91ac51286e7ec8fa , .u99ac07509ed696df91ac51286e7ec8fa .postImageUrl , .u99ac07509ed696df91ac51286e7ec8fa .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u99ac07509ed696df91ac51286e7ec8fa , .u99ac07509ed696df91ac51286e7ec8fa:hover , .u99ac07509ed696df91ac51286e7ec8fa:visited , .u99ac07509ed696df91ac51286e7ec8fa:active { border:0!important; } .u99ac07509ed696df91ac51286e7ec8fa .clearfix:a

MIT Admission Interview

MIT Admission Interview The deadline for Early Action (EA) application, November 1st, is just around the corner. While I hate to distract you from the application, essays, standardized tests and teacher recommendation letters (not to mention school and real life), I do need to mention one vital part of the application process that should be at the top of your To Do list: the interview. Every student in the MyMIT database is assigned an alumni interviewer, aka Educational Counselor (EC). The interview itself is usually conducted in your home town â€" or someplace close â€" in an informal setting like a coffee house or book store. It’s not a test, and your EC won’t throw a Rubik’s Cube at you and start a stopwatch. The interview is a conversation, hopefully two-way, where the EC gets to know you: what drives you, interests you, fills your dreams, fills your day, and generally makes you who you are as a person and a student. Applicants are expected to contact their EC directly, and the contact information is listed in your MyMIT account. You don’t need to finish the application before setting up, or even having, an interview, so there’s no reason to wait until the last minute. Just like the teachers you’ve asked for letters of recommendation (you have asked them, haven’t you?), our ECs can be busy. Getting in touch sooner is better than later. The deadline for setting up the interview with your EC is October 20th, which is a mere twelve days away! We’ve sent out an email reminder* for those students who’ve already indicated in MyMIT that they intend to apply EA. For those of you who haven’t told us about your EA plans, or for those who haven’t visited MyMIT to start the application process, consider this your friendly post-it note to the forehead. If you have any questions (or burgeoning phobias) about the Admission interview, you should probably go read Kim Hunter’s post about the interview process. * In some cases more than one, with apologies.

Preparing a Dynamic Lesson Plan in Education

A lesson plan is a detailed description of the individual lessons that a teacher plans to teach on a given day. A lesson plan is developed by a teacher to guide instruction throughout the day. It is a method of planning and preparation. A lesson plan traditionally includes the name of the lesson, the date of the lesson, the objective the lesson focuses on, the materials that will be used, and a summary of all the activities that will be used. Furthermore, lesson plans provide a terrific set of guidelines for substitute teachers. Lesson Plans Are the Foundation of Teaching Lesson plans are the teachers equivalent of a blueprint for a construction project. Unlike construction, where there is an architect, construction manager, and a myriad of construction workers involved, there is often only one teacher. They design lessons with a purpose and then use them to carry out the instruction to construct skilled, knowledgeable students. Lesson plans guide the daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly instruction within a classroom. Dynamic lesson planning is time-consuming, but effective teachers will tell you that it lays the foundation for student success.   Teachers who fail to put in the proper time to plan accordingly short change themselves and their students. The time invested in lesson planning is well worth any investment as students are more engaged, classroom management is improved, and student learning naturally increases.   Lesson planning is most effective when it is focused on the short-term while always being mindfully aware of the long term.   Lesson planning must be sequential in building skills. Primary skills must be introduced first while eventually building to more complex skills.   In addition, teachers should keep a tiered checklist allowing them to keep track of what skills have been introduced to give them guidance and direction. Lesson planning must be focused and tied to district and/or state standards. Standards simply give teachers a general idea of what is supposed to be taught. They are very broad in nature. Lessons plans must be more specialized, targeting specific skills, but also including the methodology for how those skills are introduced and taught.   In lesson planning, how you teach the skills is as important to plan as the skills themselves. Lesson planning can serve as a running checklist for teachers to keep track of what and when standards and skills have been taught. Many teachers keep lesson plans organized in a binder or a digital portfolio that they are able to access and review at any time.   A lesson plan should be an ever-shifting document that teacher is always looking to improve upon.   No lesson plan should be viewed as perfect, but instead as something that can always be better. Key Components of a Lesson Plan 1. Objectives - The objectives are the specific goals that the teacher wants students to obtain from the lesson. 2. Introduction/Attention Grabber - Every lesson should start with a component that introduces the topic in such a way that the audience is drawn in and wants more. 3. Delivery - This describes how the lesson will be taught and includes the specific skills students need to learn. 4. Guided Practice - Practice problems worked out with assistance from the teacher. 5. Independent Practice - Problems a student does on their own with little to no assistance. 6. Required Materials/Equipment - A list of materials and/or the technology needed to complete the lesson. 7. Assessment/Extension Activities - How the objectives will be assessed and a list of additional activities to continue to build on the stated objectives. Lesson planning can take on a whole new life when.......... teachers include opportunities for differentiated instruction. Varying instruction according to strengths and weaknesses is essential in todays classroom. Teachers must account for this in their planning to ensure that each student is getting what they need to grow.teachers create lessons plans that include cross-curricular themes. Components such as math and science may be taught in conjunction with one another. Art or music elements may be included in an English lesson. A central theme, such as weather may be used to across all content and curriculum.teachers work together to create lesson plans as a team.   The melding of the minds can make lesson plans more effective and can save time for everyone involved.

Character Analysis Of Il Dottore - 752 Words

Commedia dell’ arte translates to â€Å"comedy of the professional players† was introduced in Italy during the sixteenth century. Commedia usually contains eight stock characters (stereotypical fictional characters), one of these stock characters is Il Dottore which translates to â€Å"the doctor†. During the sixteenth century a â€Å"Dottore† was someone who studied each subject and had great knowledge upon it. In Commedia, the doctor claims to know everything and is able to give advice but, he ignores the knowledge of others and talks on about the things he thinks he has knowledge on. Since Il Dottore is a man of wealth and â€Å"knowledge†, he is dressed in a scholarly robe that is usually all black and goes to his ankles with a round white collar. The†¦show more content†¦He does not have much of a function on stage but, he does attempt to help the protagonist but, fails to do so. Another portion of his character is his social status, which is, upper class because he is considered, â€Å"educated† and wealthy. Il Dottore social status allows him to be considered as one of the â€Å"masters†. When someone is a â€Å"master† they are treated with respect and formality from other stock characters. As an example, a Brigella (highest ranking servant in Comedia) would speak in more of a formal tone when he/she approaches Il Dottore versus when a Brigella speaks with a Zanni (lowest class) where a they would speak to him casually and possibly use more of a demeaning tone towards a Zanni. This hierarchy of characters is still common in modern day theater and television. Commedia dell’arte is form of theater that has been used for hundreds of years and is commonly seen in twentieth and twenty first century playwrights. One example is from the American television show, M*A*S*H where Major Frank Burns, played by Larry Linville. Linville’s character fits the description of Il Dottore because Major Burns is wealthy, thinks he is an expert surgeon and is addressed in a formal matter by his under ranking officers (except Pierce and McIntyre). He also usually makes grand facial expressions and talks with his hands in order for the otherShow MoreRelatedCommedia DelArte - Character Analysis and Traits of Pantalone, IlCapitano and Il Dottore.1521 Words   |  7 PagesPANTALONE: Pantalone is of top pecking order. He is wealthy and controls the finance in the character world of commedia, therefore his orders are usually obeyed by all. He is the father of Isabella. He wears dark colours of black, grey and red; dynamic Pantaloons, tight-fitting long red trousers or red breeches and stockings, a short tight-fitting jacket, a loose long black cloak with plain sleeves, red-woollen skull-cap and yellow turkish slippers. He is lean and scrawny and often short in stature

Record keeping Free Essays

Record keeping is an essential element without which it would be impossible to ascertain many important factors integral to the teaching and learning process. How a learner is progressing, whether they attended classes, whether any significant risks were posed by medication, health and safety or by a prospective new teacher, whether an establishment was providing the services it was being paid to and many other important aspects would be impossible to establish without records being kept. Many of the records mentioned above are required by law to be kept complete and organised, not just for the period of the person’s participation within the college, but for a number of years well beyond the pupils or teachers involvement. We will write a custom essay sample on Record keeping or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example; accident books or records must be kept for 3 years after the last entry, wage or salary records for a minimum of 6 years, some medical records for 40 years after their last use and some Health and Safety Assessments are recommended to be kept permanently. Access to personnel records and the Data Protection Act  Virtually all records now come under the jurisdiction of the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA). This Act defines UK law on the processing of data on identifiable living people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK. The Act applies to most personnel records, whether held in paper, microform, or computerised format. Computerised systems are covered by the law, as are certain manual systems: to be covered, manual systems must be organised into a ‘relevant filing system’. Even manual filing systems in existence before 24 October 1998 when the DPA came into force are now required to comply fully with the Data Protection Directive. Subject to certain exceptions (as detailed in Schedule 7 of the Data Protection Act 1998) employees have the right to access their records and the employer is under an obligation to ensure that the data is accurate. Records kept by Tutors In Reflective Teaching, Pollard (2006) states: ‘There are two basic types of record which teachers have to keep: those relating to class and college organisation and those relating to the assessment of pupil progress. Some of the records kept for the purpose of class and college organisation include: pupils medical records, tutor supervisions, contact hours for funding, accident books, criminal record checks, financial records such as wages, college accounts or budgets etc, the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) of tutors, reflective learning journals, equal opportunities monitoring, risk assessments, health and safety audits and quality improvement plans to name but a few. Records relating to the assessment of pupil progress may include: those of achievements such as exam scores etc, attendance records, safeguarding, disciplinary, incident reports, therapy hours, photographic evidencing, individual learning plans, transition passports and annual reviews. Accurate records taken throughout a course enables both tutor and students to continually reassess the effectiveness of the teaching/learning relationship by giving an ongoing measure against which to view learning objectives. Records indicate whether pupils have learnt what has been taught and are making sufficient progress with the course; who needs more help or is ready for more extensive work by assessing better or worse progress than expected; and whether teachers need to refine any aspects of their teaching by assessing successes or shortcomings where teaching needs to be strengthened. How to cite Record keeping, Essay examples Record Keeping Free Essays Leander Picton Course Pttls Good record keeping The importance of accurate record keeping assists in establishing a reliable source of data for each client. The initial collation of client data such as diagnostic results and initial assessments provide the supportive information required for the preliminary development of an individuals learning programme. Initial and referral assessments provide an insight into a client’s previous learning experience, prior achievement, expectations and any learning difficulties which require consideration when preparing a lesson. We will write a custom essay sample on Record Keeping or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using these assessments a personal development plan can be implemented and used for reference and the recording of a client’s progression providing a diverse source of data for a tutor to draw upon when preparing for a client review. The recording of diagnostics results, learning style questionnaire and academic work allows a tutor to inform a client of their progression and where and how their learning and performance can be improved and identify a client’s aptitude and ability for a particular learning style.Continuous maintenance and regular review of these records is vital to evaluate a client’s progression and provide positive encouragement and direction. These records provide a means to recognise further learning and development requirements and aid in the structure of assignments which are challenging but achievable accommodating the client’s specific learning abilities and meeting the client’s expectations and aspirations.The continuous maintenance and regular review of client documentation must undoubtedly contribute in sustaining a level of quality and commitment in providing a clear and constructive learning experience for all clients and ensure contractual agreements are m et. As collation and recording of data is a regular necessity for a learning centre the data protection act provides assurance to clients by setting out clear and concise guidelines for the processing and storage of an individual’s details. Personal data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose for which they are to be processed.They must be fair and lawful and it must be transparent about how the data is intended to be used. Reviews are an integral part of the process for recording and monitoring academic achievements, progression, behaviour, a client’s wellbeing and for the evolution of the learning centre and tutors. They are crucial in the delivery and collection of tutor and client feedback and it is therefore, essential reviews are held regularly and command an importance within the learning program impressing on the client the commitment of the learning centre.Reviews must be held in a confidential environment and be transparent as to encourage open and honest communication from both parties when providing feedback, informing the client of their academic progression, encouraging a positive change in behaviour and supportive with development programmes. The client must be clear on the tutor’s expectations and what academic progression is required. Feedback should be given with care and attention to standards of respect for diversity and equality.The reviewer must facilitate the meetin g and in achieving this goal should consider using a variety of methods in the delivery of feedback. This could be achieved by discussing a client’s work folder, interests and dislikes, achievements and barriers, discussing previous tasks set and setting new tasks, creating mind maps, tables for long and short term goals, explanation of performance charts and the clients own self assessment. The alternations of visual reference data provides for both client and tutor an understanding of the feedback being delivered and engages with the client on specific topics.The conclusion of a review must include the encouragement of the client, with the guidance of the tutor, in setting a number of SMART targets and provide initial steps to developing academic goals. A personal development plan must be agreed by both client and tutor and dates set to review individual tasks and overall progression.Reference: ‘Importance of Recordkeeping’ by Steve Glenn www. back. ac. uk/learningandteaching www. ico. gov. uk How to cite Record Keeping, Papers

Laughter In Austen Essays (1554 words) - Fiction, Literature

Laughter In Austen Sense of Humor ?It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.? What we read is just the opposite; a single woman must be in want of a man with a good fortune. In this first line of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice we are at once introduced to language rich with satire. The comic tendencies displayed in the novel's language introduce a theme very important to the novel?the character's laughter and their attitudes towards laughter as an index to their morality and social philosophy. Beginning with Darcy's opinion, expressed early in the novel, that Miss Bennet ?smiled too much,? attitudes towards laughter divide the characters. Most obviously Darcy, all ?grave propriety,? is opposed to Elizabeth, who has a ?lively, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous.? We tend to consider Elizabeth's position the normative?more closely aligned with modern theories of humor. She laughs at hypocrisy, vanity, pretension, the gap between statement and action, and between theory and practice. On the other hand, Darcy takes a conservative attitude toward laughter. His taciturn disposition and unwillingness to be the butt of mirth are clearly described. He tells those assembled in the Netherfield drawing room that ?it has been the study of his life to avoid those weaknesses which often expose a strong understanding to ridicule.? But the deficiencies of this view, evident enough in Darcy's own demeanor, are revealed in the parodies of it which appear in the novel . Everywhere in Pride and Prejudice, pompous gravity is laughed out of existence. In the absurdly formal utterances of a Mary Bennet or a Mr. Collins (neither of whom is ever known to laugh), Austen demonstrates that a total lack of humor has effects the reverse of what a situation demands. One example of this is in Mr. Collins' parody of the prodigal son in his letter of ?consolation? to Mr. Bennet on news of Lydia's elopement: ?Let me advise you?to console yourself as much as possible, to throw off your unworthy child from your affection forever, and leave her to reap the fruits of her own heinous offence.? Yet another example is Mary's formulaic response to the same event: ?we must stem the tide of malice, and pour into the wounded bosoms of each other, the balm of sisterly consolation.? The humor of these characters lies in their unawareness of the claims of spontaneity in certain situations. They can produce, instead, rote and ?institutional? responses. In fact, Mr. Collins adm its to Mr. Bennet that he arranges beforehand ?such little elegant compliments as may be adapted to ordinary occasions.? Elizabeth's attitude is very different. In an early conversation, she and Miss Bingley form a temporary alliance to poke fun at Darcy. Elizabeth desires to ?Tease him?laugh at him,? and to Miss Bingley's demure and pompous refusal cries: ?Mr. Darcy is not to be laughed at! That is an uncommon advantage, and uncommon I hope it will continue, for it would such a great loss to me to have so many such an acquaintance. I dearly love to laugh.? Elizabeth is a defender of banter as a means of proving the worth of a person or idea. And when Darcy later defends himself by pointing out that ?the wisest and best of men, nay, the wisest and best of their actions, may be rendered ridiculous by a person whose first object in life is a joke.? Elizabeth replies, ?Certainly there are such people, but I hope I am not one of them. I hope I never ridicule what is wise or good. Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can.? When Darcy somewhat pontifically distinguishes between pride and vanity, ?Elizabeth turned away to hide a smile Yet another points in the novel, Elizabeth's view of humor does not prevail as laughter becomes, on occasions, everything the grave Darcy suggests it to be. Mr. Bennet, for example, employs his wit as an assertion of superiority required by his sense of defeat: ?For what do we live, but to make sport for our neighbours, and laugh at them in our turn No

Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 Essays

Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 Essays Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 Essay Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 Essay Reading Worksheet 1: Read the extract Applied Linguistics: An emerging discipline for the twenty-first century in your reading packs and answers the following questions: 1. On the basis of the information provided by Grabe, complete the following chart. Which conclusions can you draw regarding the scope of Applied Linguistics? Decade |Focus of Applied Linguistics | | |Insights of structural and functional linguistics that could be applied to language teaching and | |1950s |literacy in first and second language. | |Language assessment, language policies and second language acquisition ( focused on learning rather | |1960s |than teaching) | | |Real world problems rather than theoretical explorations: Language assessment, second language | |1970s |acquisition, literacy, multilingualism, language minority rights language planning and policy and | | |teacher training. Language teaching remains important. | | |Incorporation of many subfields beyond language teaching and language learning such as: language | |1980s |assessment, language policy and planning, language use in professional settings, translation, | | |lexicography, multilingualism, language and technology and corpus linguistics. | |Incorporation of more subfields and drawing on supporting disciplines: Psychology, education, | |1990s |anthropology, sociology, political science, policy studies, administration studies, English studies ( | | |rhetoric, composition, literacy) | 2. What is the central issue in Applied Linguistics? Has it changed in the same way as its scope? In a very general point of view, applied linguistics is focused on language-related real-life problems; but it hasn’t always been this way, back in the 50s, applied linguistics focused mainly in second and first language teaching and then it began to emerge as a genuine problem-solving enterprise. Late in the 90’s, applied linguistics led into the theoretical and empirical investigation of real world problems in which language is a central issue. So, upon the course of years, applied linguistics has developed into a more practical use of this one. 3. Why is Generative Linguistics not dominant in Applied Linguistics? Which are the competing approaches for linguistic analysis that are growing recognition, instead? Why are they preferred to the generative approach? 4. Why is interdisciplinary a defining aspect of Applied Linguistics nowadays? Because applied linguistics uses methods and insights of several established disciplines or traditional fields; it has acknowledge about other fields a part from linguistics and it crosses a wide range of settings follow. 5. Why do some scholars claim that Applied Linguistics is not a discipline? What is the author’s point of view? Why? Because they do believe that applied linguistics is too broad and fragmented that it demands expert knowledge in too many fields and that doesn’t have a set of unifying research paradigms. The author believes that applied linguistics can be considered a discipline much in the way that many other disciplines are defined. He explains that as several other new relatively new disciplines in academic institutions, applied linguistics has its core and periphery which can blur into other disciplines that can or not be allied with it. Read the extract An Overview of Applied Linguistics in your reading pack and answer the following questions: 1. How many different areas within AL are listed in the chapter? Which is the dominant one? 2. What is Authorship identification? 3. What is the Grammar-translation method? What is the Direct method? Which are the main problems with those methods? How long did they last? 4. When and why did Audiolingualism emerge? Was it successful? Why? 5. What replaced Behaviourism? Why? 6. What is the main argument for linguistic nativism? 7. What is communicative competence? 8. Describe the main focus of communicative language teaching. In which particular aspects of language use is it useful? Which is the main problem with this approach? What replaced it? 9. In which way(s) has computing technology provided useful insights in language description? 10. Why isn’t Chomsky’s notion of competence a proper object of study for Sociolinguistics?

Spinner Shark Facts (Carcharhinus brevipinna)

Spinner Shark Facts (Carcharhinus brevipinna) The spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna) is a type of requiem shark. It is a live-bearing, migratory shark found in warm ocean waters. Spinner sharks get their name from their interesting feeding strategy, which involves spinning through a school of fish, snapping them up, and often leaping into the air. Fast Facts: Spinner Shark Scientific Name: Carcharhinus brevipinnaDistinguishing Features: Slender shark with long snout, black-tipped fins, and habit of spinning through water when feeding.Average Size: 2 m (6.6 ft) length; 56 kg (123 lb) weightDiet: CarnivorousLife Span: 15 to 20 yearsHabitat: Coastal waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian OceansConservation Status: Near ThreatenedKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ChondrichthyesOrder: CarcharhiniformesFamily: CarcharhinidaeFun Fact: Spinner sharks dont eat humans, but will bite if they are excited by other food. Description The spinner shark has a long and pointed snout, slender body, and relatively small first dorsal fin. Adults have black-tipped fins that look as though they were dipped in ink. The upper body is gray or bronze, while the lower body is white. On average, adults are 2 m (6.6 ft) long and weigh 56 kg (123 lb). The largest recorded specimen was 3 m (9.8 ft) long and weighed 90 kg (200 lb). Spinner shark. Spinner sharks and blacktip sharks are commonly confused with each other. The spinner has a slightly more triangular dorsal fin that is further back on the body. An adult spinner shark also has a distinctive black tip on its anal fin. However, juveniles lack this marking and the two species share similar behaviors, so its difficult to tell them apart. Distribution Due to difficulty distinguishing between blacktip and spinner sharks, the spinners distribution is uncertain. It can be found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, with the exception of the eastern Pacific. The species prefers warm coastal water that is less than 30 m (98 ft) deep, but some subpopulations migrate into deeper water. Spinner shark distribution. Chris_huh Diet and Predators Bony fishes are the staple of the spinner sharks diet. The sharks also eat octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and stingrays. The sharks teeth are made for grabbing prey rather than cutting it. A group of spinner sharks chases a school of fish then charges it from below. A spinning shark snaps up fish whole, often carrying enough momentum to leap into the air. Blacktip sharks also employ this hunting technique, although it is less common. Humans are the spinner sharks primary predator, but spinner sharks are also eaten by larger sharks. Reproduction and Life Cycle Spinner sharks and other requiem sharks are viviparous. Mating occurs from spring to summer. The female has two uteri, which are divided into compartments for each embryo. Initially, each embryo lives off its yolk sac. The yolk sac forms a placental connection with the female, which then provides nutrients until the pups are born. Gestation lasts from 11 to 15 months. Mature females give birth to 3 to 20 pups every other year. Spinner sharks start reproducing between the ages of 12 and 14 and can live until they are 15 to 20 years old. Spinner Sharks and Humans Spinner sharks dont eat large mammals, so bites from this species are uncommon and not fatal. The fish will bite if provoked or excited during a feeding frenzy. As of 2008, a total of 16 unprovoked bites and one provoked attack were attributed to spinner sharks. The shark is valued in sport fishing for the challenge it presents as it leaps from the water. Commercial fishermen sell the fresh or salted meat for food, the fins for shark fin soup, the skin for leather, and the liver for its vitamin-rich oil. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the spinner shark as near threatened worldwide and vulnerable along the southeastern United States. The number of sharks and the population trend is unknown, mainly because spinner sharks are so often confused with other requiem sharks. Because spinner sharks live along highly populated coasts, they are subject to pollution, habitat encroachment, and habit degradation. However, overfishing poses the most significant threat. The US National Marine Fisheries Service 1999 Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish, and Sharks sets bag limits for recreational fishing and quotas for commercial fishing. While sharks of the species grow quickly, the age at which they breed approximates their maximum lifespan. Sources Burgess, G.H. 2009. Carcharhinus brevipinna. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T39368A10182758. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T39368A10182758.enCapape, C.; Hemida, F.; Seck, A.A.; Diatta, Y.; Guelorget, O. Zaouali, J. (2003). Distribution and reproductive biology of the spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna (Muller and Henle, 1841) (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae). Israel Journal of Zoology. 49 (4): 269–286. doi:10.1560/DHHM-A68M-VKQH-CY9FCompagno, L.J.V. (1984). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. pp. 466–468. ISBN 92-5-101384-5.Dosay-Akbulut, M. (2008). The phylogenetic relationship within the genus Carcharhinus. Comptes Rendus Biologies. 331 (7): 500–509. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.04.001Fowler, S.L.; Cavanagh, R.D.; Camhi, M.; Burgess, G.H.; Cailliet, G.M.; Fordham, S.V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A. Musick, J.A. (2005). Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras: The Sta tus of the Chondrichthyan Fishes. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. pp. 106–109, 287–288. ISBN 2-8317-0700-5.

Ethics Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Reflection Paper - Essay Example The stakeholders are any persons dealing with the company directly and indirectly from its work force, clients and the general public in which the organization operates. The organization ensures the development of ethical guidelines and standards, and its implementation followed by each and every member of the organization. This can be done through training and cultivation of an ethical culture, which would enable the satisfaction of each and every stakeholder. Good ethical principles in an organization increase customer satisfaction and retention translating into better financial standings at all times, with healthier profit margins. There is also better retention of employees and customer confidence from the public and regulatory authorities, which is suitable for business. High ethical standards can be achieved through strategic planning and development of an ethical oriented business culture. This is through training and reinforcement of ethical codes of conduct by policies and r egulations in an organization. Corporate social responsibility has become an integral part of the business organization strategic planning tool. ... CSR plays a crucial role in the long term premeditated setting up of a business in the recruitment and retention of competitive employees (Habisch, 2005). An exemplary corporate social responsibility policy that focuses on stakeholder satisfaction improves an organization’s perception by potential recruits and employees, which also boosts productivity and efficiency in organization operations. Strategic planning in managing potential risk from corruption, health scandals and environmental accidents has been the greatest task in business organizations (Eisingerich & Ghardwaj, 2011). A crisis can bring reputable organizations down from the effects of lost customer confidence, which results in low sales. However, social responsibility policies implemented to prevent any scandal emerging in an organization helps in strategically avoiding this. Corporate social responsibility also gives an organization a competitive edge over its competitors in the international markets through cus tomer satisfaction and loyalty. Comprehensive customer responsibility policies also open up more markets through fewer legal hindrances to operate. This is because governments are increasingly giving health safety and environmental conservation priority when licensing new organizations. Discuss how your ethical perspective has evolved throughout the UOP MBA program The MBA program has changed my ethical perspectives approach to management, obligations to self, society, and means to achieve personal and organizational goals. Ethics and social responsibility training expose people to different and varied ways of decision making, management, and strategic

Strategic management Link between strategic planning and performance Essay

Strategic management Link between strategic planning and performance - Essay Example Here strategic planning is used as a term to illustrate an organisational decision-making process, which can be generally defined as the process of realising the mission, primary goals, tactics, and approaches that govern the attainment and allocation of resources to accomplish organisational objectives (Pearce et al., 1987, p. 658). The major intention of this essay is to contribute new pragmatic evidence on the connection between strategic planning and performance, and to reflect on the effect of a set of related variables on this association. Mintzberg and Lampel, (1999, pp. 21-30) indicate that the term formal strategic planning is an intention to express that an organisation's strategic planning overall process entails apparent systematic procedures used to increase the participation and commitment of those chief stakeholders influenced by the plan. Study on the association between strategic planning and firm's performance has proved indecisive. From the early researches it is revealed that strategic planning improved performance (Herold, 1972, p. 94). However, later studies revealed that there was no patent systematic relationship between them (Shrader et al., 1984, pp. 149-171). Bresser and Bishop (1983) argued that if strategic planning bring in firmness and supports excessive bureaucracy then it might be called as dysfunctional. Despite the sustained significance of performance aim... 101-109) has mentioned that concentration has not been given to strategic planning and performance in experiential study. According to Greenley (1994), primarily, it should enhance the organisation's performance. The basic conjecture of strategic management emphasises on the planning of a task, aims and targets, of which organisation performance is a component, the practice of strategies to achieve these aims and targets, and control to guarantee that the targets are accomplished. Second, the intention of strategic planning is to increase the value of management all over an organisation. As a result this could bring about indirect perfection in performance, although its effectiveness may, certainly, be lost in the intricacy of variables with the likelihood to influence performance. However, managers may understand that it adds to effectiveness, giving them a sentiment of confidence and control. Strategic planning may therefore be useful as a process of management, in spite of the performance attained. In fact, the entire concentration of strategic management evolves around the accomplishment of objectiv es, which correspond to ambitions for future performance. Boyd (1991, p. 355) defines that strategic planning is a mean to run environmental turmoil, which has been adopted by numerous organisations. In addition, formal strategic planning is an unending managerial process, with a number of elements, embracing establishment of objectives and creation and assessment of strategies. A useful strategic planning system creates a link between long-range strategic objectives with both mid-range and functional plans. Planners gather data, estimate, and frame out and build alternative future scenarios. Ostensibly, such activities permit organisations to

Role of Traditional Medicine in Third World Countries

Role of Traditional Medicine in Third World Countries Overview According to the National Aboriginal Health Organisation (NAHO, 2003), the term traditional was introduced by the British during the colonial era and often rejected by many indigenous peoples. Authorities in the industrialised world used the term traditional medicine to distinguish between Western medicine and medical knowledge and practices that were local to indigenous tribes in Africa, South East Asia and other parts of the third world. Today traditional medicine is also referred to as Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) (Shaikh Hatcher, 2005). Chronic social, economic and political problems in many third world countries means that the vast majority of their populations have little or no access to modern medical resources. By contrast, traditional medicine is often available to the masses and may constitute the only available health care resource. This essay discusses the role of traditional medicine as an essential resource in the third world, with specific reference to Nigeria and Pakistan. Traditional Medicine There is no universally accepted and unambiguous definition of traditional medicine, largely because of differences in culture, language, and medical products and practices across the third world. However, the World Health Organisation defines traditional medicine as health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plant, animal and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises, applied singularly or in combination to treat, diagnose and prevent illnesses or maintain well-being (WHO, 2003). Traditional medicine generally refers to any medicinal knowledge and practices that arent within the domain of modern day Western medicine. Like modern medicine the ultimate goal of the traditional healer is to improve the well being of individuals who present with some undesirable physical or psychological malady (Shaikh Hatcher, 2005). However, traditional medicine is unique in that improvements in well-being may incorporate spiritual healing, an d whereas western medicine largely relies on science-based knowledge and procedures, traditional medicine is based on local rituals, herbs, and superstitions indigenous to the local community (NAHO, 2003). Traditional medicine may incorporate different fields of expertise. NAHO (2003) identifies several types of specialists, including the spiritualist, herbalist, medicine man/woman, and healer. Spiritualists specialise in spiritual healing, for example by communicating with dead ancestors and performing ritualised sacrifices (e.g. killing a chicken). They often enjoy a certain degree of authority within local communities, serving as mentors for individuals or families. Herbalists are perhaps equivalent to pharmacists and pharmacologists in western medicine. They are experts on the medicinal properties of local plants and are typically called upon to prepare various medicinal concoctions to cure specific ailments. Such preparations may be in the form of a meal, drink, or even special soap for bathing. Healers are individuals with a natural talent for healing, often through spiritual or other means, perhaps similar to the psychic in Western society. Indeed, there seems to be a high degre e of overlap between healers, and spiritualists, albeit this is debatable and culture-specific. Finally, the medicine man/woman is a traditional healer usually involved in ceremonial activity, such as a funeral. They often carry a lot of material effects, such as mysterious ‘bundles’, bones, and other effects. Chronic shortages of modern health care resources in the third world has led to renewed interest in the role that CAM could play in reducing premature morbidity and mortality. Health care in the third word Populations living in third world countries are plagued by a variety of health problems. These include childbirth problems such as low birth weight (Arif Arif, 1999), nutritional problems, notably malnutrition, hypoglycaemia and hypothermia (Bhan et al, 2003), kidney disease (SantaCruz, 2003), degenerative psychiatric illnesses such as Hodgkin’s disease (Hu et al, 1988), hypertension (Galie Rubin, 2004), tobacco-related illness (Tomlinson, 1997), and so on. The prevailing economic, political, social and environmental conditions arent ideal for maintaining good health (Cooper, 1984). Socio-economic inequalities caused by flawed economic policies and political corruption has meant that modern medicine is beyond the reach of the suffering masses. Environmental decadence manifests in poor sanitary conditions, itself a result (at least in part) of weak economic infrastructure, and political leadership. Governments in many third world countries often spend only a fraction of their gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, so that there is a chronic shortage of both primary and secondary health resources such as clinics, hospitals, staff, and drugs. Health care policies are either absent, inadequate or poorly implemented. Lack of adequate funding stifles research and development, not withstanding positive side effects like increased creativity (Coloma Harris, 2004). These deplorable conditions have persisted despite massive financial investment by the World Bank. The organisation pays out an estimated $28 billion annually to third world countries, some of which is meant be used for the development of adequate health infrastructure (Pinker, 2000). But this has had little effect, partly because of government corruption, political instability, and crippling national debts. Moreover, technological change is so rapid that investment in essential medical equipment is not viable, unless there is a regular cash flow to finance replacements (Coloma Harris, 2004). Much has been written about the problem of ‘brain drain’ in which locally trained professionals flee their under-resourced and decaying health care systems to take up more lucrative jobs abroad (Fisher, 2003; Latif, 2003; Levy, 2003). Then there is the capitalist constraint. Private companies in the West that provide health services, pharmaceuticals, equipment, and other medical re sources need to make a profit to stay in business. This means selling products to their clients (governments, health service organisations, the general public) at a cost-effective price, which third world countries simply cannot afford. Getting private companies to sell their health services and products at a loss, for example by provide cheap or free drugs, often requires government intervention and corporate will (Enserink, 2000), both of which are often lacking. In the midst of such adversity traditional medicine may provide the only viable source of health care. Nigeria Modern health care in Nigeria incorporates primary care provided by local government and privately owned clinics, secondary care dispensed by hospitals, and tertiary services (e.g. orthopaedics, psychiatry) provided by specialist hospitals (WHO, 2002-2007). Like many third world countries the health infrastructure is severely under funded, with chronic equipment and staff shortages (Kadiri, 2005). Brain drain is a constant problem (Levy, 2003), and adequate health care is expensive and hence beyond the reach of the masses (WHO, 2002-2007). Traditional medicine operates side-by-side with modern health care. Most Nigerians have access to traditional healers, or medicine men’, especially in the rural areas where people lack local health infrastructure and transportation to travel to the nearest clinic or hospital. Thus, CAM is the only health resource available to most Nigerians (Mpyet et al, 2005). Nigeria is actually a melting pot of over 300 different tribes[1], with remarkabl y different languages, cultures, lifestyles, religions and traditional governments (at local level). Thus, the practice of traditional medicine is quite varied across the country. Nevertheless, most medicine men are considered experts in the preparation and administration of various herbal medicines, and the prognosis for patients is often good. The use of herbal drugs remains very popular, especially amongst the older generation and/or less educated. Recent evidence suggests that some Nigerians are suspicious of modern medical procedures and consequently fail to utilise services to which they have access. Raufu (2002) and Pincock (2004) both document a recent health crises in northern Nigeria in which parents refused to get their kids vaccinated against poliomyelitis. There was considerable scepticism about the vaccination campaign, with many parents fearing their children may become infected with the HIV, or worse become infertile, irrespective of what the health officials said. This incident seems to mirror a subtle nation-wide cultural shift towards traditional medicine. For example, there have been calls for traditional healers to be involved in making referrals to secondary care services, along side professional medical doctors (Mpyet et al, 2005). The WHO has specifically encouraged research on traditional medicine in Nigeria, and the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), located in Abuja, the capital city, has been identified as a possible location for such research. The NIPRD was set up to conduct research projects designed to improve, refine, and modernise traditional medicine, especially in terms of herbal remedies. The institute has successfully developed some herbal medicines including NIPRD AM-1, a herbal extract for treating malaria. In other parts of the country steps have been taken to blend traditional medicine with modern medical procedures. The Fantsuam Foundation (IHDC, 2003), a womens group founded in 1996 and based in northern Nigeria with over 80,000 members, was set up to help rural women fight their way out of poverty. This organisation is not profit oriented, works in collaboration with local government, and uses modern computer resources, such as electronic commerce. The foundation recognises the value of CAM especially amongst women living in poor communities, and works to reconcile traditional practices with modern medicine. Women in this part of the country are plagued by a variety of health problems ranging from minor ailments (e.g. back pains) to more serious conditions (e.g. HIV/AIDS). Thus, there is an ever-present demand for appropriate health care. Traditional healers are very active, using various emollients and herbs to treat patients. More encouragingly, the Foundations’ work in th e community has highlighted several interesting points concerning the modernisation of traditional medicine. These include the following; Some aspects of traditional medicine can be improved for better health service provision; Traditional healers are open to modernisation initiatives provided there is a sense of partnership and intellectual property rights are protected; Traditional medicine as a body of knowledge can be preserved while simultaneously opening it up to reforms. Overall, the value of traditional medicine as a widely available health resource is universally recognised in Nigeria. Pakistan Pakistan like other third world countries suffers from an under funded and under-resourced modern health care system. Poverty-related health problems are rife, including low birth weight (Bhutta et al, 2004), hepatitis (Yusufzai, 2004), sexually transmitted diseases (Wallerstein, 1998) and high infant mortality and malnutrition (Abbasi, 1999). The health care system is dichotomised into the public and private sectors. The former incorporates a mixture of mostly unregulated private hospitals, clinics, and traditional healers, while the public sector is made up of government run hospitals, mostly in very poor condition (Shaikh Hatcher, 2005). Overall, Pakistan’s health service system does not compare favourably with its neighbours. Poverty, illiteracy and poor sanitation, as well as political instability compound the problem, with infant mortality and infectious disease particularly problematic (Abbasi, 1999; Zaidi et al, 2004). Historically CAM has been a permanent part of the health care landscape in Pakistan, practised in the form of Unani, Ayurvedic and homeopathic systems (Shaikh Hatcher, 2005). Unani medicine entails the use of natural resources normally found in the body, such as clean and fresh water, whereas Ayurveda remedies are sensitive to a womans natural rhythms and cycles. There is particular emphasis in Pakistan on the use of plant-based traditional medicines, albeit animal based products are sometimes used. In the midst of chronic and widespread socio-economic deprivation more and more Pakistanis are turning to traditional healers for their health care (Shaikh Hatcher, 2005). Local ‘hakeems’, religious leaders and medicine men regularly dispense traditional therapies. These individuals enjoy considerable public trust and respect, especially in the rural areas, and patients regularly present with a wide range of medical conditions including gynaecological problems. According to Jafry (1999) traditional medicine was officially acknowledged in Pakistan under the Unani, Ayurvedic and Homeopathic Practitioners’ Act of 1965. The practice of homeopathy in particular has become well established, with increases in the number of homeopathic (privately owned) schools, especially after the Homeopathic Board and National Council for Homeopath y (NCH) was set up. Currently there is an abundance of homeopathic clinics, pharmaceutical companies, and other related organisations in Pakistan. Interestingly, despite these advances Pakistan continues to import homeopathic medicines in large quantities and local drug prices remain high. Consequently many Pakistanis cannot afford homeopathic treatment. Like the modern health care system which is heavily under funded ((Abbasi, 1999), homeopathic medicine remains crippled by under investment (Jafry, 1999). Despite these drawbacks, CAM as a whole remains more accessible than modern health resources, and constitutes an indispensable resource for the vast majority of the population (Shaikh Hatcher, 2005). Exploitation NAHO (2003) has identified a number of important concerns that need to be recognised if CAM is to be successfully integrated with modern medicine in developing nations. Firstly it is essential to recognise the important role played by the elderly, who form the bulk of spiritual healers and medicine men. Less common in Western culture, high reverence for elders in many third world countries is a major reason traditional medicine enjoys considerable public endorsement. Secondly, there is the risk of exploitation by unscrupulous western private enterprise. In particular it would be wholly inappropriate in a cash economy for a private pharmaceutical company, concerned about making a quick profit, to offer symbolic but worthless gifts to a traditional healer in return for valuable knowledge on local medicines, ointments and herbs. Thirdly, there is the issue of intellectual property rights. These must be protected under any circumstances, again to avoid unfair exploitation and profiteerin g by private companies. Health care funding provided to third world governments by the WHO, World Bank, and other financial organisations should be conditional on the establishment and implementation of satisfactory protective policies. For example independent (e.g. WHO) officials can be used to supervise contracts that are drawn up between private enterprises and traditional healer groups. Conclusions As early as 1984 Cooper argued that Western medicine might not really be suitable for the third world (Cooper, 1984). Despite the rapid spread of modern medicine CAM remains an indispensable resource for providing adequate health care to the majority of individuals living in these countries. Socio-economic and political problems have severely limited access to modern health care. However, considerable progress has being made towards harness the potential of traditional medicine, for example by allowing traditional healers to make hospital referrals. Both the WHO and World Bank seem committed to promoting the development of CAM. Given the complexity and variability of health provision across the third world it may be necessary to tailor health care reform to the peculiar requirements of each country (Buch, 2005). Traditional medicine is firmly rooted in local culture and customs (NAHO, 2003), and therefore traditional health protocols cannot be generalised across nations. Additionally , concerns about equality, protection rights, and other ethical issues need to be addressed. References Abbasi, K. (1999) The World Bank and world health Focus on South Asia II: India and Pakistan British Medical Journal, 318, pp.1132-1135 Arif, M.A. Arif, K. (1999) Low birthweight babies in the third world: maternal nursing versus professional nursing care, Journal of Tropical Paediatrics, 45, pp.278 – 280. Bhan, M.K., Bhandari, N. Bahl, R. (2003) Management of the severely malnourished child: perspective from developing countries. British Medical Journal, 326, pp.146 151 Bhutta, Z.A., Khan, I., Salat, S., Raza., F. Ara, H. (2004) Reducing length of stay in hospital for very low birthweight infants by involving mothers in a stepdown unit: an experience from Karachi (Pakistan). British Medical Journal, 329, pp.1151 1155 Buch, E. (2005) The future of health care in Africa. British Medical Journal. 331, pp.1-2. Coloma, J. Harris, E. (2004) Innovative low cost technologies for biomedical research and diagnosis in developing countries. British Medical Journal, 329, pp.1160- 1162 Cooper, J.A.D. (1984) Health resources: the United States and the third world, Health Affairs, 3, pp.149 151 Enserink, M. (2000) Group urges action on third world drugs. Science, 287, p.1571 Fisher, J.P. (2003) Third world brain drain: Brain drain must be halted. British Medical Journal. 327, p.930. Galie, N. Rubin, L.J. (2004) Introduction: new insights into a challenging disease: A review of the third world symposium on pulmonary arterial hypertension. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 43 (12 Suppl S): 1S. Jafry, S.A.A. (1999) Homeopathy in Pakistan [online]. The Homeo Webzine. Available from: http://www.geocities.com/pulsnet2000/homeopak.htm>[Accessed 5 March 2006]. Kadiri, S. (2005) Tackling cardiovascular disease in Africa. British Medical Journal, 331, pp.711-712. Hu, E., Hufford, S., Lukes, R., Bernstein-Singer, M., Sobel, G., Gill, P., Pinter- Brown, L., Rarick, M., Rosen, P. Brynes, R. (1988) Third-World Hodgkins disease at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center Journal of Clinical Oncology, 6, pp.1285 1292. IHDC (2003) Local health content in Nigeria blends tradition and science. Johannesburg: IHDC. Latif, A.S. (2003) Third world brain drain: Causes of exodus need to be examined and rectified. British Medical Journal, 327, p.930. Levy, L.F. (2003) The first worlds role in the third world brain drain. British Medical Journal, 327, p.170 Mpyet, C, Dineen, B.P., Solomon, A.W. (2005) Cataract surgical coverage and barriers to uptake of cataract surgery in leprosy villages of north eastern Nigeria. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 89, pp.936-938. NAHO (2003) Traditional Medicine in Contemporary Context: Protecting and Respecting Indigenous Knowledge and Medicine. Ottawa, ON: NAHO. Pincock, S. (2004) Poliovirus spreads beyond Nigeria after vaccine uptake drops. British Medical Journal. 328, p.310 Pinker, S. (2000) Banking on the Third World. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163, p.94 Raufu, A. (2002) Polio cases rise in Nigeria as vaccine is shunned for fear of AIDS British Medical Journal, 324, p.1414. SantaCruz, P.L. (2003) Preventing end-stage kidney disease: a personal opinion from the Third World. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 18, p.2453. Shaikh, B.T. Hatcher, J. (2005) Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pakistan: Prospects and Limitations. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2, pp.139–142. Tomlinson, R. (1997) Smoking death toll shifts to third world British Medical Journal, 315, pp.563 568 Wallerstein, C. (1998) Pakistan lags behind in reproductive health. British Medical Journal. 317, p.1546 WHO (2003) Country Press Releases: WHO encourages Research into Traditional Medicine. Geneva: WHO. WHO (2002-2007) WHO Country Cooperation Strategy: Federal Republic of Nigeria. Geneva. WHO Zaidi, K.M., Awasthi, S. deSilva, H.J. (2004) Burden of infectious diseases in South Asia. British Medical Journal, 328, pp.811 – 815. Yusufzai, A (2004) Pakistan medical association warns of potential rise in hepatitis British Medical Journal. 329, p.530. 1 Footnotes [1] There are three major tribes; The Hausa, Ibo, and Yoruba.

Overpopulation Is Caused by Poverty Essay

Bangladesh is one of the poor countries with one of the highest population of the world. Is the country poor because of the huge number of people or the poverty itself is the reason behind the overpopulation? To answer this question, I have looked at the overall development condition and population of the world and tried to find the missing links between the two. First I presented some facts about world population and demography. Then I analyzed the Malthusian and Marxist views on population. I talked about the existing views that considered population growth as the main reason behind poverty. Then I discussed my arguments about those view and discussed how population growth is not the primary cause of low standard of living, gross inequalities or limited freedom choice that characterize much of the developing world. I tried to find the main reasons behind the impoverishment of the poor countries and how those lead to overpopulation. Background: Human race came into existence around 2 billion years ago. Agricultural Revolution took place about 10,000 years ago when people used to hunt and gather food. At that time the estimated world population was about 4 million. The population started to grow significantly after the agricultural revolution. However, the most dramatic population growth occurred after the Industrial Revolution in 1750s. The world population was approaching one billion people and was increasing by more than two million every year. This dramatic population growth is termed population explosion because within less than 300 years the number of people mushroomed to more than 6 billion whereas before this, world population grew very slowly for millions of years. At this very moment, nearly 7 billion people are sharing this planet. By 2050, the population is expected to reach 9 billion. The world population is very unevenly distributed by geographic region, fertility and mortality levels and age structure. Here we also have to consider the term demographic transition: transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. Most of the developing countries are in stage two and the developed countries in stage three. So in the developing countries, though death rate has dropped significantly due to improvement in medicine and health care, fertility rate remains high. So population growth is highest in the developing and poor countries. Existing literature: Now the question is why birth rates are so high in the developing countries? In 1798, Thomas Malthus proposed a theory that determines the relationship between population growth and economic development. According to him, the poor countries are poor because of the population growth. Eliminate the population problem and the problem of poverty will be solved by itself. To eliminate the extra people, positive and preventive checks are necessary. Positive checks are famine, natural disasters, war etc which according to him is a good way to get rid of the unnecessary people who are burden to the society. Preventive checks would be only moral restrain because birth controls were considered as sins according to the Catholic Church. Malthus was not aware of the technological progress that would occur and thus he came up with the theory that food production will not be able to keep up with the population growth. Thus the solution was to get rid of the poor people. Karl Marx saw the Malthusian point of view as an outrage against humanity. Marx pinpointed the fact that with technological progress, there would be more production. So capital would be increasing too. However, the few capitalist who own all the resources exploit the poor workers and keep them poor. So poverty is the result of a poorly organized capitalist society where there is no equal distribution of wealth. From the Marxist point of view, overpopulation is not the reason behind slow economic growth and development. Though the theory of Malthus is much criticized and controversial, his ideas are still remaining in the present world. Many theorists and economists see the reduction of population growth through severe measures as the easiest way of ensuring economic prosperity in a developing country. According to them, unrestrained population increase is the main reason behind low standard of living, malnutrition, ill health, environmental degradation, and many other economic and so cial problems. There is a theory known as ‘population-poverty cycle’. This theory states that overpopulation makes the economic, social, and psychological problems more complicated. As more children are born every day, there is less savings rate per person in the household and national level. Because of the uncontrolled population growth, the government fails to provide the basic necessities for the additional people. This leads to low living standard of the existing generation and eventually poverty is transferred to the next generation. At present China is the most populous country in the world with a number of 1.34 billion. This country has undertaken one of the most harsh and coercive population control policies in the early 1980s- one child per family policy. Though this policy dramatically reduced the growth rate, is caused many socio-economic problems and controversies. However, the decline in the fertility rate in China through one child policy is less successful than approaches based on women empowerment and education in some parts of India, such as the state of Kerala. This shows us that population no longer remains a problem even though there is slow economic growth by focusing on empowering people, especially women. Defending my thesis: My thesis is that poverty causes overpopulation and to solve both the problems, other issues are needed to be taken care of. One of the main causes that keep poor countries and poor people poor is unequal distribution of wealth and natural resources. The developed countries consist of one quarter of the world’s population but consume almost 80% of the world resources. In 2005, the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76.6% of total private consumption. The poorest 20% consumed just 1.5%. When one child is born in a developed country, the amount of money and resources spend behind it is equivalent to 16 children in the developing countries. Therefore the developed countries should cut back their very high consumption instead of asking developing countries to control their population growth. However they do not do that in an attempt to hold down the development of the poor countries to continue dominance over them and to maintain the very expensive living style. So they mad e population growth the main reason behind poverty to distract everyone from the real reasons. They pressurize the poor nations to adopt aggressive population control programs even though they themselves went through a period of sizable population increase that accelerated their own development processes. So as the LDCs are kept poor, no or less development occurs and thus generates overpopulation. Also a huge amount of resources are hold idle. For example, only 12% of all the potential arable land is under cultivation. So the land actually being cultivated amounts only a fraction of its potential. According to one web resource- ‘Enough arable land exists in India to give each person in the country approximately half an acre. In famine-ravaged Ethiopia, each person could have three-quarters of an acre of arable land. Africa, the poorest continent, has 20.2% of the world’s land area, and only 13% of its population. North America has a whopping 2.1 acres of arable land per person!’ So many areas with potential resources are under populated and many small areas (urban areas in the LDCs) are concentrated with too many people. This unequal distribution of people in terms of land causes poverty rather than the population growth. Underdevelopment itself is a huge problem. If the governments of the developing countries adopt correct strategies that promote higher levels of living, greater self-esteem and expanded freedom, population will take care of itself. If people are healthy and better educated, they will themselves be aware of the fact that smaller families are better than larger families. On the other case, if they are uneducated and physically and psychologically weak, the large family will be the only real source of social security. So the birth control programs and severe child control policies will be unsuccessful if there is no motivation to empower and enlighten the people, especially the women. If the women have equal roles and status like the men and have access to birth control, fertility rate will fall by itself. However, the richest people of the developing countries consume most of the resources and deprive the rest of the people of their daily necessities. As the poor people are kept poor they fail to get educated and empowered which leads to low quality of life and overpopulation. Conclusion: Overpopulation is not the main cause behind poverty. It is the other way around. However, fast population growth is not desirable too. So in order to develop, countries like Bangladesh need to adopt policies that focus on making people aware of the ways to keep the family small. The consequences of rapid population should neither be exaggerated nor minimized. However, it is pretty clear problem of population is not simply a problem of huge number. It is about quality of life and material well being. So if there is not equal distribution of wealth, idle resources, and subordination of women, poor countries and poor people would remain poor and this will lead to the problem of overpopulation. References: Todaro, Michael P. and Smith, Stephen C. (2009). Economic Development. Ninth Edition. Addison-Wesley. Weeks, J.R. (2012). Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues. 11th edition. California: Wadsworth Publishing. http://www.henrygeorge.org/popsup.htm http://www.globalissues.org/issue/2/causes-of-poverty https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html

Religion and Bioethics Physician Assisted Suicide, a...

The article I read examined the link between bioethics and religion in regards to Physician-Assisted Suicide/Euthanasia. Specifically, it made an obvious point of defining the distinction between killing and letting one die. In addition, it focused on the link between Faith and Reason, the development of tradition throughout history, modern statements on this ethical dilemma, and then drew conclusions based upon these analyses. These are all significant points to consider when attempting to determine the morality of physician-assisted suicide/euthanasia. In order to fully understand the â€Å"euthanasia debate,† it is crucial to look at our two main theoretical camps: deontological or â€Å"Kantian† ethics, and teleological or â€Å"utilitarian†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦That is, that everyone affected is to be considered equally. This feature alone makes it possible for actions to be declared moral based upon their consequences without taking motives into question. The best way to illustrate this key difference between deontological and teleological theories is by examining Philippa Foot’s trolley problem. Overall, this illustration attempts to clarify under what circumstances it would be morally just for one person to violate the rights of another for the purpose of benefiting the group. In doing so it helps one essentially justify harming someone in order to benefit the group/larger number of persons. It is able to do this by assigning equal utility to those involved. In doing so, this shows the practical nature of Utilitarianism, and how it is â€Å"content heavy† – making very evident the right way to make decisions. Inevitably, the opposing side to this argument (deontologists) refute this way of thinking by arguing that it could very easily lead us to â€Å"repugnant conclusions;† which in theory could be used to justify almost any action if the consequences of the situation worked out just right. This idea could be applied effectively to both act utilitarianism (an act is right if it results in as much good as any available alternative) and rule utilitarianism (an act is right if it is required by a rule that is itself a member of a set ofShow MoreRelatedMedical Ethics: an Inclusice History2719 Words   |  11 Pagesfirst ethical thinking in medicine, but Islamic and Muslim traditions have left their footprints in Medical and Bioethics since before the medieval and early modern period. The first piece of literature ever dedicated to the field of medical ethics was written in the 9th Century by Ishaq bin Ali Rahawi and was titled Adab al-Tabib or Conduct of a Physician. Ali Rahawi reff ered to physicians as guardians of the soul and body. One of the features in medieval Muslim medicine that separated their practicesRead MorePhysician-Assisted Suicide and the Significance of the Kantian View2520 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Physician-Assisted Suicide: Significance of the Kantian View Thanks to modern developments in medical technology, people in advanced countries today live longer and stay healthy until they are relatively older. The technology, however, also allows some people to hasten their death and make it relatively pain-free. As a result, many patients suffering from unbearable pain of certain incurable illnesses from time to time ask their physicians to help them commit suicide. Any physician who is askedRead More The Terri Schindler-Schiavo Case Essay5755 Words   |  24 Pageshighlights the tension that medical technological advances have created between the health care community and faith communities. While science and religion have not always been dialogical partners, the need for the two to engage in meaningful discourse is epitomized in our modern technology-driven society. Regardless of our opinions concerning religion or science independently, the two have irreversibly intersected and must be engaged. For those traveling the highways of science and the long roadRead MoreStages of Life6505 Words   |  27 PagesPaper Adult Development Psychotherapy I believe that adult development theory is not sufficiently emphasized in our psychology and counseling training schools. This is unfortunate, because I believe it offers a unique and helpful perspective to the task of psychotherapy. Because I wish to offer to my prospective patients some idea of the importance of this topic, and how it informs my clinical practice, I offer below a synopsis of the theory and its development. In a most fundamentalRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesmight be when a physician does not follow accepted procedures and fails to account for surgical instruments used during a procedure. As a result, he leaves a metal clamp behind in the patient’s body and predictably, complications ensue that require additional surgical procedures. | | | | | Intentional Tort | Donnetta Shelton | 3/3/2013 12:34:57 PM | | | One of the most common intentional torts is battery. How this occurs in healthcare and becomes a problem is when religion is involved

Analysis Of Gilman s Yellow Wall Paper Essay

â€Å"An atheist may be simply one whose faith and love are concentrated on the impersonal aspects of God† (Weil, n.d.). Just like the narrator’s husband, who believes in facts and not in faith. His faithless actions cause him to isolate and imprison his wife. By isolating and imprisoning his wife, she finds a means of escape by using her imagination and obsesses over the yellow wallpaper. In the â€Å"Yellow Wall-paper,† Gilman use characterization to suggest that when a depressed wife is isolated and imprisoned by her faithless husband, her only way of escape is her obsessive imagination towards the wallpaper. In Gilman’s story, we see the narrator’s point of view of her husband as she characterizes her husband as faithless which causes him to use a treatment that is not helping his wife. In the beginning, we see the narrator’s description of her spouse, John, as a practical thinker, preferring the facts instead of faith, for example, â€Å"John is practical in the extreme. He has no patience with faith, an intense horror of superstition, and he scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures† (Gilman, 2016, p. 60). This quote is the perfect example of John being faithless or having â€Å"no patience with faith,† it also states that John is a practical thinker in the â€Å"extreme,† only believing in what can be seen, felt, or put as a figure. With John having this mindset he doesn’t want to hear his wife’s point of view and his profession prevents him to hearShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Yellow W allpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1269 Words   |  6 Pages1002-63639 15 February 2017 Analysis of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Life during the 1800s for a woman was rather distressing. Society had essentially designated them the role of being a housekeeper and bearing children. They had little to no voice on how they lived their daily lives. Men decided everything for them. To clash with society s conventional views is a challenging thing to do; however, Charlotte Perkins Gilman does an excellent job fighting that battle by writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† one of theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wall Paper1699 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well underway in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are. It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you. It is like a bad dream.†(Knight 175) Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in Hartford, Connecticut. Early in her life her parents divorced, so her father could remarry.(Wladaver) Despite family problems, she loved an intellectual environment. She studied art at the Rhode Island School of Design, where she met herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1727 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of the Short Story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Originally published in January 1892 issue of New England Magazine. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s short story The Yellow Wallpaper was personal to her own struggles with anxiety and depression after the birth of her daughter with her first husband and S. Weir Mitchell s resting cure treatment she received. The Yellow Wallpaper describes, from the patients point of view, the fall into madness of a woman who is creativelyRead More Critical Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins1179 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a detailed account of the author’s battle with depression and mental illness. Gilman’s state of mental illness and delusion is portrayed in this narrative essay. Through her account of this debilitating illness, the reader is able to relate her behavior and thoughts to that of an insane patient in an asylum. She exhibits the same typeRead More Oppression of Women in Chopins Story of an Hour and Gilmans Yellow Wallpaper 1246 Words   |  5 PagesOppression of Women in Chopins Story of an Hour and Gilmans Yellow Wallpaper    The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman share the same view of the subordinate position of women in the late 1800s. Both stories demonstrate the devastating effects on the mind and body that result from an intelligent person living with and accepting the imposed will of another. This essay will attempt to make their themes apparent by examining a brief summeryRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins1189 Words   |  5 PagesAubi-Ann Genus Ms.Vedula 4 December 2015 â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† a Feminist Story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gillman focuses on the oppression of women in the 19th century. The story introduces us into the awareness of a woman who is slowly going insane over the course of the summer. She recently just gave birth to a baby and is most likely suffering from some type of depression. Analyzing this story, we see the frustrations of women during The Victorian era. Women were manipulatedRead More Confinement in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman1360 Words   |  6 PagesConfinement in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman      Ã‚   Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper is a commentary on the male oppression of women in a patriarchal society.   However, the story itself presents an interesting look at one womans struggle to deal with both physical and mental confinement.   This theme is particularly thought-provoking when read in todays context where individual freedom is one of our most cherished rights. This analysis will focusRead MoreFeminist Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper 2184 Words   |  9 PagesJoe Purcaro English 155 Literary Analysis 04/17/2016 Feminism in the Yellow Wallpaper Everyone experiences life, whether it be happy times, bad times; it’s one big circle every human being goes through. In the story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper, which is a feminist story that portrays the terror of the rest cure which is a period spent in inactivity or leisure with the intention of improving one s physical or mental health. Women especially, as it opposes manyRead MoreSymbolism Of A Street Car Named Desire And The Yellow Wallpaper1487 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism of One’s True Nature in A Street Car Named Desire and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† What is humanity s true nature? Are people basically good, or basically evil? Over the centuries, many people have tried to find the answers to these questions, to no avail. Author Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Tennessee Williams take a definite stance on the issues throughout their work, arguing that people are basically evil hiding their truths. Many times, this theme is obviously stated in the stories, but sometimesRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper: Male Oppression of Women in Society1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper: Male Oppression of Women in Society Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper is a commentary on the male oppression of women in a patriarchal society. However, the story itself presents an interesting look at one womans struggle to deal with both physical and mental confinement. This theme is particularly thought-provoking when read in todays context where individual freedom is one of our most cherished rights. This analysis will focus on two primary issues: 1)